Stock Market

Stock Market

Mark Twain once divided the world into two categories: those who have seen the Taj Mahal, the famous Indian monument, and those who have not. Investors could be said to be in the same boat.

There are two types of investors: those who are aware of India’s investment opportunities and those who are unaware. Although India’s stock exchanges account for less than 2.2 percent of total global market capitalization as of January 2020, a closer look reveals the same characteristics as any other promising market.

We’ll give you an overview of the Indian stock market and how you can get involved if you’re interested.

What exactly are shares?

Shares allow you to own a piece of the company’s worth. You can obtain ownership rights to a certain percentage of the company in proportion to the capital you invest. You can say you own 2% of the company if you own 2% of the shares traded on the market.

As a result, shares are fractional ownership units in a company’s financial assets. Stocks, equity, scrips, and other terms for shares exist. You will be known as a stockholder or shareholder of the company after purchasing them.

What are the benefits of having stock in a company?

What is the need for a corporation to borrow money from the market?

As previously stated, a company will require more capital as it scales up, expands its business, and so on. During these periods, a company can tap into the stock market and sell a set number of shares based on its market value to investors.

Investors will pay a fee to the company in exchange for a share of ownership. As a result, when the value of stocks rises, so does the value of the stocks that investors own. Investors, on the other hand, are not creditors because they do not lend money to the company.

These really share market fundamentals for beginners because it is critical to comprehend why corporations want shares in the first place.

How does a corporation list its stock?

The Initial Public Offering (IPO) is another crucial part of stock market fundamentals (IPO). An initial public offering (IPO) is when a firm offers its shares to the general public for the first time.

Our markets regulator, the Securities and Exchange Board of India (Sebi), has laid down a few norms and regulations that a firm must follow before being qualified to list its IPO on exchanges.

What is the Indian Stock Market

Stock markets are one of the most popular ways to invest. The Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) and the National Stock Exchange (NSE) are the two main stock exchanges in India (NSE). An initial public offering (IPO) is when a company initially lists its stock on a stock exchange. These shares can subsequently be traded on the secondary market by investors.

Stocks worth INR 6,00,000 crores have been exchanged on India’s two stock exchanges on several occasions. In India, the uninitiated frequently regard stock market investing as gambling, but a simple understanding of the stock market might change that perspective.

What’s the Difference Between NSE and BSE?

As a trader or investor, you must have a thorough awareness of the various stakeholders in the stock market. Investors/traders, stockbrokers, clearing corporations, and exchanges are the primary players. Between you and the exchange, a broker serves as an intermediary.

Companies that raise funds by issuing public stock are listed on stock exchanges. Shares are issued to investors in the main market through an initial public offering (IPO), and once the IPO is completed, the company is listed on an exchange, allowing for share trading.

For example, if you want to buy Infosys or Royal Enfield exchange, you can do so at any moment because initial public offerings (IPOs) last only three days. After that time, the only way to trade stocks is on the secondary market. The stock markets are governed by SEBI, and it is where all shares are transacted.

Before entering the stock market, any trader or investor must first understand what the nse and bse are in the stock market, as well as the differences between the two. The National Stock Exchange of India (NSE) and the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) are the two major national stock exchanges in India. By opening a Demat or trading account with a depository participant or stockbroker, you can trade stocks.

What drives companies to list on stock exchanges?

1. Trading transparency and automation: In terms of trading, high-end technology provides investors with a seamless experience. Because of the high volume of trading on the exchanges, the investor pays a lower impact cost. Transparency in dealings is improved by automation, which boosts investor confidence.

2. National Reach: Online trading platforms are accessible from anywhere in the United States. Following its listing on the exchange, the company has increased visibility, and the general public has an equal opportunity to invest in this platform.

3. Fast transaction speed: Before the introduction of online trading systems, there was a significant delay in trade executions, which has been fully eliminated with high-speed trading platforms. Because of the high speed at which transactions take place on the exchange, transaction efficiency has increased dramatically.

Stock Market Types

Primary Market:

An IPO allows a company or government to raise funds by issuing shares on the primary market. The problem can be solved in either a public or private setting. When more than 200 people are allotted shares, the issue is public; when less than 200 people are allotted shares, the issue is private.

The price of a share can be determined by a fixed price or a book building issue. A fixed price is determined by the issuer and is stated in the offer document; a book building issue is determined by the demand from investors.

Secondary Market:

The primary market shares can be sold in the secondary market. The secondary market is divided into two types: over-the-counter (OTC) and exchange-traded markets. OTC markets are unregulated markets in which two parties agree to a specific transaction that will be settled in the future.

The exchange-traded market is heavily regulated. Also known as an auction market, the exchange is where all transactions take place.

What is the significance of the stock market?

The stock market is critical in assisting businesses in raising capital for expansion and growth. Companies that conduct initial public offerings (IPOs) to the public obtain funds that can be used for a variety of objectives. Following the IPO, the company is listed on the stock exchange, allowing even the average person to invest in the company.

The company’s visibility improves as well. In the stock market, you might be a trader or an investor. Traders hold stocks for a short time, whereas investors retain stocks for a longer amount of time. You can select an investment package based on your financial requirements.

The company’s investors can utilize their money to achieve their life goals. It’s one of the most popular investment platforms since it provides liquidity. For example, depending on your needs, you can purchase or sell shares at any moment. Financial assets, in other words, can be converted to cash at any time. It provides numerous prospects for money accumulation. You’re well aware that investing in stocks can help you make money.

The following are some of how your money can grow.

1. Dividends

These are the earnings made by the corporation, which are paid to the shareholders as cash. It is given out in proportion to the number of shares you possess.

2. Capital Growth

Capital appreciation occurs when you invest in equities/shares. The bigger the rewards, the longer the investment period. Stock investments come with their own set of hazards. Your risk appetite is determined by your age, dependents, and financial situation. If you’re young and don’t have any children, you can put more money into equities to obtain a higher return. If you have dependents and obligations, though, you can put more money into bonds and less into equity.

3. Buyback

The corporation buys back its stock from investors at a higher price than the market price. When it has a large cash pile or wants to consolidate its ownership, it buys back shares.

Types of Stocks to Invest in Share Market

Based on ownership, you can be a common shareholder or a preferred shareholder when you buy a share. You have the right to vote at shareholder meetings and to receive dividends as a common shareholder. If your investment company goes bankrupt, you will only receive your share of the liquidation proceeds after all creditors and preferred shareholders have been paid.

You may not have voting rights as a preferred shareholder. However, you will receive dividends before the common shareholder. You can invest in large-cap, mid-cap, and small-cap stocks based on their market capitalization. Market capitalization is calculated by multiplying the share price by the number of outstanding shares.

The shares that can be purchased and traded in public markets are known as outstanding shares. I’ll use an example to demonstrate my point.

If firm A has 100 outstanding shares with a share price of Rs.20, the company’s market capitalization is 20*100=Rs.2000.

1. Large-cap stocks: These companies are well-known and have a large market presence. TCS, Infosys, and Wipro are examples of this type of company. These firms are less hazardous to invest in.

2. Mid-cap stocks: These companies have the potential to grow enormous, but they are riskier than large-cap stocks.

3. Small-cap stocks: This group includes start-ups, which are much riskier than the first two.

On the plus side, they have the potential to become an overnight sensation.

The next crucial point to be aware of is the initial public offering (IPO) (Initial Public Offer). An initial public offering (IPO) is a way for a company to raise funds from the general public. It sells its stock to raise funds for future development.

Because of the power of compounding, your yield is significant when you invest in a share.

In plain terms, the price of a share you own today might be Rs.100, but if you retain it for a long period, it could double or treble in value.

What are the Stock Market’s Financial Instruments?

Simply explained, stock market investing entails the exchange of financial instruments. This is a continuous and ongoing exchange. Every day, prices move, and people walk away with wins and losses. Day traders or intraday traders are those who buy and sell on the same day and do not hold any financial instruments. They are referred to as day traders or intraday traders because they do not hold any financial instruments.

Others invest in financial products and trade for the long term. Understanding the foundations of the financial instruments exchanged, regardless of your decision, is critical. Let’s get going from the starting line.

A financial instrument is a document that represents an asset to one person (this person is owed) and liability to another person (this person owes). The stock market does not trade all financial instruments. Cheques, for example, are also considered financial instruments.

Shares/stocks, derivatives, bonds, and mutual funds are all financial instruments that are particularly traded on the stock market (yes that is why the subtext says “mutual funds are subject to market risks”).

1. Stocks/shares

When you buy stocks (which are made up of shares), you do so with the idea of selling them for a profit and recouping your investment. The difference between the buy and sell prices is the stock market’s version of interest generated on more traditional investments like fixed deposits.

The value of a company’s stock is continually changing. Volatility is the term for this. Profits in stock market trading are made feasible by this fluctuation, or volatility. Volatility can be useful to traders if used correctly. When trading, seek a reasonable degree of volatility.

Apart from volatility, stock volumes, or the number of shares put on the market, are important aspects to keep an eye on while trading stocks. It is a good idea to invest in stocks whose shares are being sold in significant quantities. When it comes to trading, seek a financial partner like IIFL that allows you to open both trading and Demat accounts in one place.

2. Commodities and derivatives

Making a contract to purchase or sell commodities on a given date at a specific rate is what derivatives are all about. F&O stocks, or Futures and Options stocks, are another name for derivatives.

A futures contract gives you the right and the duty to buy or sell a specific amount by a specific date at a specific rate. A similar arrangement is an options contract, except there is no commitment. This is a significantly more difficult trading sector.

It’s best to start trading derivatives only once you’ve got a good understanding of how the market works. If you decide to trade derivatives, you must keep an eye on Open Interest, or the number of contracts that are now open for trade. When people dump contracts, Open Interest is low, which means lower buy-in rates, and when people buy contracts, Open Interest is high, which means higher buy-in rates.

3. Bonds

Bonds are one of the safest ways to invest in the stock market since they provide a fixed rate of interest until a specific date.

The interest rate may fluctuate, but it will never fall below the rate stated when the bonds are issued on the stock market.

Bonds, on the other hand, may not generate the same kind of returns as stock trading and derivatives.

4. Mutual Funds

The joint (in other words, you and everyone else who invested in the fund) exchange of financial assets on the stock market is referred to as a mutual fund. The risk is significantly smaller than individual stock trading since it involves many different investors pooling their money and investing in a range of different stocks, for example. When it comes to investing in the stock market, mutual funds are one of the most popular options for Indians.

The Role of Stock Exchanges in India’s Capital Market

Capital Markets is one of the most popular ways to get started in the world of trading and investing. These markets are used by millions of investors and dealers every day. All market deals are performed through a company called a stock exchange.

In India, numerous stock exchanges conduct millions and billions of trades each day. The two most notable and largest stock exchanges in India are the National Stock Exchange (NSE) and the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE). BSE is also India’s oldest stock exchange, dating back to the late 1800s.

In India, there are several regional exchanges.

Stock exchanges play an important part in the national economy’s consolidation and, more importantly, in the development of the industrial sector. India is a developing economy, and these exchanges are crucial in such countries.

They aid in the mobilization of savings while also ensuring safety. These mobilizations aid in the promotion of capital production. Let us now look at the role of stock exchanges in India’s capital market.

1. Savings Mobilization?

For both institutional and individual investors, capital markets are one of the most sought-after venues. To safeguard investors, all trading transactions in the financial markets are subject to strict restrictions and rules. This also aids in the consolidation of small savers’ and individual investors’ confidence. In this way, stock exchanges contribute to the capital markets by drawing savings from a huge number of investors.

2. Capital Formation Promotion

The capital markets route cash from savers to various industries that are involved in the creation and manufacturing of various goods and services, which is advantageous to the economy. This improves the formation of capital and the growth of national assets. One of the fundamental functions of stock exchanges is to channel savings into appropriate investment channels.

3. Investment Liquidity

It is critical to examine the liquidity of your investment as an investor. The stock exchanges supply this liquidity. During trading hours and days, investors can liquidate their securities and other capital market assets. As a result, stock exchanges aid in assuring investment liquidity. Following the dematerialization of securities, online trading on stock exchanges has revolutionized the trading experience. It enables investors to buy, sell, and transfer their investments with ease.

4. Investing Security

One of the most important roles of the stock exchange is to ensure that investors’ investments are safe. Trading on stock exchanges has been online since the dematerialization legislation. The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) monitors the operation of exchanges and is constantly looking for new flaws in the system. Several actions are implemented from time to time to combat this and protect the safety of investments. Exchange authorities make every effort to limit speculative practices and reduce the risk for investors to maintain investor confidence.

5. Securities have a wide range of marketability.

Previously, physical security certificates were used to trade on stock exchanges. Trading was restricted to the stock exchange’s office, and all transactions were conducted there. The price swings on exchanges remain unknown to investors in other parts of the country.

Investors can keep an eye on price fluctuations and make the most of all price movements in the capital markets with the establishment of an online trading system. Modern stock exchanges, which are underpinned by information technology, have given stocks a wide range of marketability.

6. Funds for Development

Stock exchanges, as previously said, aid in the mobilization and channeling of cash from savers to various businesses. These industries are frequently involved in government development projects, such as infrastructural corporations, railways, and telephones. Government securities are constantly evaluated with the help of stock exchanges.

7. National Economic Barometer

The stock exchanges are regarded as the economic barometer of a country. The most important stock exchange in a country serves as an economic emblem for that country’s economy. These stock exchanges aid in the representation of a country’s economic progress and status on a national and worldwide level. For example, the Bombay Stock Exchange, or BSE, is frequently used by foreign investors to get a sense of our country’s economic situation.